Bali Hai

The cotton wool clouds, the fine grains of black volcanic sands, the clean sea waters - one can just lie on the beach and while the time away with a tan beneath the balmy tropical sun...

The Volcanic Islets Of Onuma

Ōnuma Park is known for its picturesque, island dotted lakes and majestic dormant volcano, Mount Komagatake. Surrounded by birch and maple forests, a total of 128 small islands can be found in its lakes...

A Journey Over Mountains & Waters

A land of rocky mountains, snaking rivers, steep slopes, deep valleys, and harsh barren terrain. Yet in some places, lush greenery and crystal-clear azure waters abound...

The Bluest Pacific Seas

In the middle of the Pacific Oceans lies an archipelago of islands formed from the fiercest violent volcanoes and made of the browns and greys of cooled lava rocks. The resulting landscape is breathtaking in its purest greens and blues...

Sounkyo's Silver Streams

Bordered by 100-metre cliffs formed by the erosion of tuff, Sounkyo Gorge is situated at the foot of Mount Daisetsuzan - the "roof of Hokkaido", and stretches for 24 kilometres along the Ishikari River...

Dujiangyan - Anlan Cable Bridge

Dujiangyan (都江堰)
Sichuan (四川), China (中国)
April 2013

Anlan Cable Bridge (安澜索桥) 

Anlan or Couple's Bridge spans the full width of the river connecting the artificial island to both banks and is known as one of the Five Ancient Bridges of China. Li Bing’s original Zhupu Bridge only spanned the inner stream connecting the levee to the foot of Mount Yulei. This was replaced in the Song Dynasty by Pingshi Bridge which burned down during the wars that marked the end of the Ming Dynasty.

A new bridge was built to replace it during the eighth year of Jiaqing Reign, during the Qing Dynasty (1803). The person who proposed rebuilding the bridge was He Xiande (何先德) and his wife. Since then, it was called Anlan Bridge, meaning "couple" or "husband-and-wife" bridge, in reference to the couple who proposed it.

The Anlan Cable Bridge is 261 meters long. It is supported by wooden pegs and stone piers. Spanning across the Min River (岷江), the bridge is secured by bamboo ropes on two sides. When the bridge was restored, steel ropes were used instead of bamboo ropes, and the wooden pegs were replaced by concrete pegs.

Seen from the distance, the Anlan Cable Bridge is like the rainbow in the sky. Crossing the bridge, Merlion Wayfarer saw the Min River roaring towards her in the west and the complex irrigation channels spanning out in the east. The whole water irrigation system of Dujiangyan irrigation system and the sheer ingenuity of its design are all clear at a glance.

Views of the bridge from the shores...
Statues of He Xiande and his wife...


The bamboo baskets used to dam the water in the past...


Look out! The "statue" seated there is alive!

Officially entering the Anlan Cable Bridge, and made of ropes it is!

Walking unsteadily across the shaky suspension bridge, Merlion Wayfarer felt a rush of adrenalin watching the swift-flowing river water beneath her...

The view of the rushing water on both sides...

A lady guards the entrance of the old bridge which is now closed...

A view of the old bridge...

The Fenjiangting Pavillion (分江亭) dividing the old bridge from the new. It provides a welcome rest stop for those who did not enjoy the trying experience on the swaying suspension bridge...


The magnificent size of the Fish Head Levee...

The Waijiang Floodgate - how long it really is from the ground...

Erwang Temple from Anlan Cable Bridge...

A Tour Trolley is available for those who do not want to cover the whole area on foot. Prices are at RMB 10 (single trip) and RMB 15 (round trip)...

Street vendors selling candy made on the spot...

The elegant-looking building that is the toilet and the 3-star "Tourism Toilets" certification...

Another map of Dujiangyan at the exit point. Some of the names are different from the original map at Qinyan Tower...

More chess pieces...

An interesting street stall with Communist memorabilia...


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Sichuan - Dujiangyan (都江堰)



Dujiangyan - Erwang Temple

Dujiangyan (都江堰)
Sichuan (四川), China (中国)

Erwang Temple (二王庙)

 

Erwang Temple, also named Two Kings Temple, is located on the bank of the Minjiang River at the foot of Mount Yulei. This grand and solemn temple was built to commemorate Li Bing (the chief designer and engineer of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System) and his legendary son, whom they had posthumously promoted to kings since the Song Dynasty (960-1279).


Rhinceros statues near the main entrance. Incidentally, one of the platforms in Dujiangyan 
is named 斗犀台 (Rhinoceros-Fighting Platform)...

Erwang Temple was first built around Southern and Northern Dynasty (420-589) and reconstructed in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The Erwang Temple is separated into two sections, the eastern section being gardens and the western temple area. Covering an area of 50,000 square meters, this wooden complex comprises of two parts - landscaping in the east, with palaces and halls in the west, based on the natural setting and geographical environment.  The whole temple is in wooden Chuandou structure relying upon existing natural geography and de-emphasizing the axial symmetry in architectural style. The main halls contain the statues of Li Bing and his son.

Due to the location of the temple on the hill, there are a lot stairs within...

Flowering blossoms in the temple...

The prayer halls consisted of several altars with painted murals and stone or porcelain statues, including those of the 8 Immortals and Wu Song...

The water-control formula of Li Bing was carved in the stone: 
"When the river flows in zigzags, cut a straight channel; 
when the riverbed is wide and shallow, dig it deeper"...

Brass lion head door knocker...

Map showing the original Dujiangyan with the complexity of the water flows drawn in...

Each year, local people held sacrifices activity here on the 24th and 26th day of the sixth month of the Chinese Lunar calendar to express their gratitude to Li Bing and his son; the two days being reputedly their birthdays.

Impact Of 2008 Earthquake

Due to the Sichuan earthquake on 12 May 2008, the entrance gate was ruined, and several halls collapsed. The reconstruction project is currently still in progress.

Visible cracks in the intricate stone carving panels on the bridge leading to Erwang Temple...

Gate exiting to the Anlan Cable Bridge at the Fish Mouth Levee...
    

More photos are available on Merlion Wayfarer Goes World's Picasa at :
Sichuan - Dujiangyan (都江堰)



Dujiangyan - Qinyan Tower

Dujiangyan (都江堰)
Sichuan (四川), China (中国)
April 2013

Qinyan Tower (秦堰楼)

Qinyan Tower (秦堰楼) used to be an observation point for state leaders like Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin. Measuring 24m tall, and consisting of 5 storeys, one can have a panoramic view of the entire Dujiangyan water irrigation system from the dividing dike, Feisha Weir, Lidui Mountain, Yulei Pass, Songmao Ancient Path, Anlan Cable Bridge and Qingcheng Mountain.  Damaged in the 12 May 2008 earthquake, it was rebuilt on the original venue according to its previous structure.

Stone lions guarding the entrance to Qinyan Tower...

"Chess pieces" which also act as a guard to prevent tour coaches stopping too near to pedestrians...

Panels on the stone wall depicting various scenes in Dujiangyan's history...

Vendors selling souvenirs...

Entrance fee to Dujiangyan is RMB 90. The ticket comes with a ready stamp...

A chair with a good view of Dujiangyan. Beware if you sit on it, 
even if you are using your own camera. It's chargeable!

A souvenir medal machine that is not working. 
Medallions are a bit pricey at RMB 20 (small) and RMB 30 (big) respectively...

[Video] Panoramic view from atop Qinyan Tower...


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Dujiangyan - Irrigation System Components

Dujiangyan (都江堰)
Sichuan (四川), China (中国)

Components of Dujiangyan's Irrigation System

Dujiangyan consisted of several key components:
   

Fish Mouth Levee (鱼嘴)

The Fish Mouth Levee (鱼嘴), named for its conical head that is said to resemble the mouth of a fish, is the key part of Li Bing’s construction. Through a spread of smaller "islands" made of rocks before it, this artificial levee divides the water into inner and outer streams. Depending on the season, the proportion will always before 4:6.

 
The "head" of Dujiangyan with the "islands" and the levee...

The expanse of man-made islands breaks down the strong flow of the current,
resulting in a curious flow at the Fish Head Levee...
(Note the flow of the water upon hitting the levee)

During the dry season in winter and spring, when the flow of water from the mountains is low, using the Waijiang Floodgate (外江闸), the levee segregates 60% of the river’s flow into the Inner Stream (内江) meant for irrigating the Chengdu Plain (成都平原). In summer and in times of heavy rainfall, only  40% is diverted inward with the other 60% cast out into the Outer Stream (外江) to prevent the lowlands from flooding.



The Waijiang Floodgate controls the flow of water to the Outer Stream...


Flying Sand Weir (飞沙堰)

The Flying Sand Weir (飞沙堰) has a 200 m-wide opening that connects the inner and outer streams. This further safeguards against flooding by allowing the natural swirling flow of the water to drain out the excess water from the inner to the outer stream. The swirl created also sieves out the silt and sentiment to prevent it clogging the inner stream. This debris is then excreted into the outer stream.  A modern reinforced concrete weir has replaced Li Bing’s original weighted bamboo baskets.


Merlion Wayfarer finds this portion the most ingenious, as the inventor actually thought of expelling the debris and sediment back to the fastflowing river using a system of rocks to filter these out...

Bottle-Neck Channel (宝瓶口)

The Bottle-Neck Channel (宝瓶口), which Li Bing gouged through the mountain, is the final part of the system. The channel distributes the water to the farmlands to the west, whilst the narrow entrance, that gives it its name, works as a check gate, creating the whirlpool flow that carries away the excess water over the Flying Sand Fence, to prevent floods.


   
The other components of Dujiangyan as viewed from Qinyan Tower...
 
A distant pagoda in the Outer Stream...




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Sichuan - Dujiangyan (都江堰)




Dujiangyan - The 2,300 Year Irrigation Wonder

Dujiangyan (都江堰)
Sichuan (四川), China (中国)
April 2013

Dujiangyan (都江堰) is an irrigation infrastructure built in 256 BC during the Warring States Period (战国时代) of China by the Kingdom of Qin (秦朝). It is located in the Min River (岷江) in Sichuan (四川) province, China, near the capital Chengdu. It is still in use today to irrigate over 5,300 square kilometers of land in the region, and to prevent flooding of the Chengdu Plain (成都平原) due to excess water from the mountains in the Sichuan region.


  • History

During the Warring States period (406–221 BC), people who lived along the banks of the Min River were plagued by annual flooding. Qin governor Li Bing (李冰) investigated the problem and discovered that the river was swelled by fast flowing spring melt-water from the local mountains that burst the banks when it reached the slow moving and heavily silted stretch below.

One solution would have been to build a dam but that would mean closing the waterway for military vessels to supply troops on the frontier. Instead, the construction of an artificial levee to redirect a portion of the river's flow and then to cut a channel through Mount Yulei to discharge the excess water upon the dry Chengdu Plain beyond.

Prior to the invention of gunpowder, the tools available to Li Bing were limited. To penetrate the hard rock of the mountain, he super-heated the rocks then chilled them with cold water to create fissures before his workers could crack and remove them. After eight years, a 20-metre wide channel was created through Mount Yulei.
    


More photos are available on Merlion Wayfarer Goes World's Picasa at :
Sichuan - Dujiangyan (都江堰)

   

Sources